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| population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = 94th | population_density_km2 = 13.33 | population_density_sq_mi = 34.52 | population_density_rank = 214th | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = | Gini = 45.5 | Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = | HDI = | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal = $14.535 billion | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,319〔 | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP = $23.546 billion〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,136〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | currency = South Sudanese pound | currency_code = SSP | time_zone = East Africa Time | utc_offset = +3 | drives_on = right | iso3166code = SS | calling_code = +211 | cctld = .ssa | footnote_a = Registered, but not yet operational. }} South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in northeastern Africa that gained its independence from Sudan in 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm )〕 Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city. It is planned that the capital city will be changed to the more centrally located Ramciel in the future. South Sudan is bordered by Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and the Central African Republic to the west. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the ''Bahr al Jabal''. The territories of modern South Sudan and the Republic of the Sudan were occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, and later governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence was achieved in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon developed and ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, following a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote. It is a United Nations member state, a member state of the African Union, and a member state of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development. In July 2012, South Sudan signed the Geneva Conventions. South Sudan has suffered internal conflict since its independence; it has the highest score on the Fragile States Index (formerly the Failed States index). == History == (詳細はNilotic people of South Sudan—the Acholi, Anyuak, Bari, Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk and others—first entered South Sudan sometime before the 10th century. During the period from the 15th to the 19th centuries, tribal migrations, largely from the area of Bahr el Ghazal, brought the Anyuak Dinka, Nuer and Shilluk to their modern locations of both Bahr El Ghazal and Upper Nile Regions, while the, Acholi and Bari settled in Equatoria. The people of South Sudan—the Azande, Mundu, Avukaya and Baka, who entered South Sudan in the 16th century—established the region's largest state of Equatoria Region. The Azande are the third-largest ethnic group in South Sudan while the Bari are fourth-largest. They are found in the Maridi, Yambio, and Tombura districts in the tropical rainforest belt of Western Equatoria, the Adio of Azande client in Yei, Central Equatoria and Western Bahr el Ghazal. In the 18th century, the Avungara sib rose to power over the rest of Azande society and this domination continued into the 20th century. Geographical barriers prevented the spread of Islam to the southerners, thus enabling them to retain their social and cultural heritage, as well as their political and religious institutions. Slavery had been an institution of Sudanese life throughout history. The slave trade in the south intensified in the 19th century and continued after the British had suppressed slavery in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Sudanese slave raids into non-Muslim territories resulted in the capture of countless thousands of southern Sudanese, and the destruction of the region's stability and economy. The Azande have had good relations with the neighbors, namely the Moru, Mundu, Pöjulu, Avukaya, Baka and the small groups in Bahr el Ghazal, due to the expansionist policy of their king Gbudwe, in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Azande fought the French, the Belgians and the Mahdists to maintain their independence. Egypt, under the rule of Khedive Ismail Pasha, first attempted to control the region in the 1870s, establishing the province of Equatoria in the southern portion. Egypt's first governor was Samuel Baker, commissioned in 1869, followed by Charles George Gordon in 1874 and by Emin Pasha in 1878. The Mahdist Revolt of the 1880s destabilized the nascent province, and Equatoria ceased to exist as an Egyptian outpost in 1889. Important settlements in Equatoria included Lado, Gondokoro, Dufile and Wadelai. European colonial maneuverings in the region came to a head in 1898, when the Fashoda Incident occurred at present-day Kodok; Britain and France almost went to war over the region.〔 In 1947, British hopes to join South Sudan with Uganda as well as, living Western Equatoria as part of Belgium French Congo The Democratic Republic of Congo were dashed by the Rajaf Conference to unify North and South Sudan. South Sudan has an estimated population of 8 million, but, given the lack of a census in several decades, this estimate may be severely distorted. The economy is predominantly rural and relies chiefly on subsistence farming.〔 Around 2005, the economy began a transition from this rural dominance, and urban areas within South Sudan have seen extensive development. The region has been negatively affected by two civil wars since Sudanese independence: from 1955 to 1972, the Sudanese government fought the Anyanya rebel army during the First Sudanese Civil War, followed by the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) in the Second Sudanese Civil War for over twenty years. As a result, the country suffered serious neglect, a lack of infrastructural development and major destruction and displacement. More than 2.5 million people have been killed and millions more have become refugees both within and outside the country. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South Sudan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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